Garcinia indica (commonly known as kokum), a plant native to the Western Ghats of India, including the state of Maharashtra, has a long history of use in traditional medicine and cuisine. Recent research suggests potential benefits for gut health and weight management, raising interest in its role as an anti-obesity agent, particularly for the Indian population.
In Maharashtrian households, Garcinia indica is a staple ingredient. Its dried rind, known as kokum, is used to add a tangy flavor to curries, and a refreshing drink called kokum sherbet is popular, especially during summer. This traditional integration into the diet suggests a history of safe consumption. Kokum is also known for its digestive benefits, traditionally used to alleviate acidity and improve gut health.
Several bioactive compounds in Garcinia indica contribute to its potential health benefits. Hydroxycitric acid (HCA), also found in Garcinia cambogia, is believed to inhibit an enzyme involved in fat synthesis. Garcinia indica is also rich in antioxidants, including garcinol, which exhibits anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging properties. These properties might contribute to improved gut health by reducing inflammation and promoting a balanced gut microbiome.
Focusing on Garcinia indica as a native Indian ingredient underscores its potential advantages for the Indian population. The Indian gut microbiome, influenced by distinct dietary patterns and environmental factors, may respond differently to foreign substances. Garcinia indica’s historical presence in the Indian diet suggests better compatibility with the local gut microbiome, potentially reducing adverse reactions and enhancing its beneficial effects.
While preclinical studies indicate the potential of Garcinia indica for weight management and gut health benefits, clinical trials involving human subjects, particularly within the Indian population, are needed to confirm these findings. Research on the specific mechanisms of action, optimal dosage, and long-term safety is crucial.
The comparison with Garcinia cambogia, which is not native to China but rather Southeast Asia, highlights the importance of considering indigenous ingredients for health and wellness. While both species contain HCA, their overall composition and potential effects on the gut microbiome might differ. Exploring the unique properties of Garcinia indica within the context of the Indian population could lead to culturally relevant and effective strategies for obesity management and gut health improvement.
Written by:
Dr. Mona Kejariwal
Vice Principal & Associate Professor, Botany,
RD AND SH National College